Ensure that you have sufficient room between the roof and the top of your head. Adjust the mirrors after you have finished setting the other features. Seat cushion length , if possible — adjust the seat length so that the back of your knees is about.
You may have to readjust the seat height to get better control of the pedals. Seat cushion angle — tilt the seat cushion until your thighs are supported along the full length of the cushion without there being pressure at the back of your knees.
Seat back rest — adjust the back rest until it supports the full length of your back when you are stilling upright. If you are leaning too far back, you may end up bending your head and neck forward, which may cause muscle fatigue, neck or shoulder pain, tingling in the fingers, etc. Lumbar support — adjust the lumbar support up-and-down and in-and-out until you feel an even pressure along your back from the hips to shoulder height.
As this point, the seat back should feel comfortable and there should be no gaps or pressure points in the back support area. Steering wheel — adjust the steering wheel for height or tilt and pull it back for easy reach. The closer you are to the air bag, the higher the possibility of injury if the air bag deploys, even if you are wearing a seat belt. If your steering wheel can be tilted up-and-down, tilt it so the air bag behind the centre of the steering wheel is pointing to your chest, not your head and neck or your stomach.
In addition, your arms should be in a comfortable position not too high or too low. Head restraint head rest — while sitting, raise the head restraint until the top of it is level with top of your head. If the head restraint can be tilted, adjust the angle of the head restraint until is practically touching the back of your head when you are in your sitting posture. Fine tuning — you may have to go through steps 1 — 8 again if you need to optimize the way that vehicle cab fits you.
You should be able to reach and operate all of the controls, pedals, the steering wheel, etc. DO keep children in tested and approved car seats, no matter how much they beg or plead to get out. If you need, take frequent breaks so that little ones can stretch their legs.
DO review the official rules of the road for your jurisdiction periodically, and follow them always. DO pay attention when you are driving, even if you are familiar with the area. A surprising number of accidents happen only blocks from home! DO pay for your parking tickets or traffic tickets on time, unless you plan to contest them.
DO keep a winter survival kit in your car for bad weather conditions. A good survival kit should contain a cell phone, matches, flares, a working flashlight, food, water, and blankets. DO make sure that your spare tire is in your car and that you have a working jack.
DO make time for routine preventative maintenance on your car. Breakdowns can be dangerous and costly. DO plan your route out in advance for long car trips and keep a map or atlas in the car in case you get lost.
Just because someone has their turn signal on does not mean they are actually going to turn. They may be like the rest of us, and have forgotten that it is on! Make sure that you use your turn signals and give yourself, and the cars around you, plenty of room to maneuver.
If you act like you are above the law when you operate a car, you will sooner, rather than later, find out that you are not. If you need to make or answer a telephone call while you are driving, pull over at a safe place, use the phone, and then resume your journey. You may have to readjust the seat height to get better control of the pedals.
Seat cushion angle - tilt the seat cushion until your thighs are supported along the full length of the cushion without there being pressure at the back of your knees. Seat back rest - adjust the back rest until it supports the full length of your back when you are sitting upright. If you are leaning too far back, you may end up bending your head and neck forward, which may cause muscle fatigue, neck or shoulder pain, tingling in the fingers, etc.
Lumbar support - adjust the lumbar support up-and-down and in-and-out until you feel an even pressure along your back from the hips to shoulder height. As this point, the seat back should feel comfortable and there should be no gaps or pressure points in the back support area.
Steering wheel - adjust the steering wheel for height or tilt and pull it back for easy reach. The centre of the steering wheel should be about 25 - 30 cm 10 - 12 in from the driver's breast bone. The closer you are to the air bag, the higher the possibility of injury if the air bag deploys, even if you are wearing a seat belt. If your steering wheel can be tilted up-and-down, tilt it so the air bag behind the centre of the steering wheel is pointing to your chest, not your head and neck or your stomach.
In addition, your arms should be in a comfortable position not too high or too low. Head restraint head rest - while sitting, raise the head restraint until the top of it is level with top of your head.
If the head restraint can be tilted, adjust the angle of the head restraint until is practically touching the back of your head when you are in your sitting posture.
Fine tuning - you may have to go through steps 1 - 8 again if you need to optimize the way that vehicle cab fits you. You should be able to reach and operate all of the controls, pedals, the steering wheel, etc. Add a badge to your website or intranet so your workers can quickly find answers to their health and safety questions. Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy, currency and completeness of the information, CCOHS does not guarantee, warrant, represent or undertake that the information provided is correct, accurate or current.
CCOHS is not liable for any loss, claim, or demand arising directly or indirectly from any use or reliance upon the information. OSH Answers Fact Sheets Easy-to-read, question-and-answer fact sheets covering a wide range of workplace health and safety topics, from hazards to diseases to ergonomics to workplace promotion.
Search all fact sheets: Search. Type a word, a phrase, or ask a question. Causes include: Poor posture - from personal habit, or from an improperly adjusted or fitted seat Low frequency whole-body vibration in moving cars and trucks can contribute to effects on the lower back The shape of the vehicle seat itself may put pressure on selected parts of the legs, back and buttocks.
This contact can lead to pain or discomfort at pressure points and may affect blood flow to the legs and feet. A vehicle's interior must be adjustable so drivers of different heights and shapes can: reach the pedals and controls, have sufficient headroom, sit high enough to see out the front and side windows and mirrors, and reach the steering wheel without stretching the arms. Consider the following factors: Does it match requirements for the body size of the driver s and any physical limitations the driver s may have?
Do the layout and ergonomic features of the vehicle e. How much time per day does the driver use the vehicle and what distance does he or she drive per year? Does it have features that assist in the kind of work the driver does, e. Examine various aspects of a vehicle, such as: Getting in and out the vehicle Are the door handles easy to grab and operate, including when the driver is wearing gloves?
If the driver has to climb up and down to enter the vehicle cab, are the steps and handholds or ladder and grab handles located appropriately and designed to prevent slipping when if wet or snow-covered. If the step height is high e. Your shoulders and the top of your wheel should be at the same height. The angle of your wheel should ideally be such that it points directly at your shoulders. Your wheel should be as close as possible.
A way to measure is stretching your arms over the wheel. The top of the steering wheel should be at around the middle of your forearms, or at maximum your wrists. At first, this will seem just a bit too close, but try practice the new posture in the sim.
For your elbows: you need to comfortably bend them. Try to aim for an angle of 90 to degrees in your elbows. The distance should still allow you to turn the wheel degrees to the left from the center, and degrees to the right from the center, without taking any hand of the wheel.
Wheel hands There should be no debate. Since the late s, UMTRI researchers have studied vehicle occupant posture and position to develop new models for use in vehicle interior design. The overall goal of this research is to provide vehicle designers with tools that will allow them to accurately predict how occupants, particularly drivers, will be positioned in the vehicles. The models address key aspects of occupant posture, including driver-selected seat position, driver eye location, and headroom.
These projects can be termed "functional anthropometry" because they involve measuring and modeling particular task-oriented aspects of human posture. Traditional anthropometry is focused on quantifying human size and shape. Our vehicle accommodation projects rely on traditional anthropometric measures, particularly stature, to quantify the design populations, but the models predict functional outcomes.
UMTRI researchers in the Human Factors Division also conduct driver ergonomics research related to lighting and vision and driver interfaces. The work includes laboratory driving-simulator studies and on-road research. An important component of my ergonomics research is the development of posture-prediction models for vehicle occupants. The objective is to predict the postures that people will choose as a function of occupant descriptors gender, stature, weight The primary application of these models is in conjunction with digital human models that provide a three-dimensional CAD representation of the human form see Research: Digital Human Models.
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