In the sugar and food industry there are the often severe demands such as abrasion created by the transportation of coarse materials and the damaging effects of oily and greasy products. There are also important safety factors such as fire and combustion hazards to consider, steep inclined transportation and, of course, durability and reliability. Conveyor belts used in the chemical and fertilizer industry have to carry a wide range of chemicals and other materials such as oil that can be very damaging to rubber.
There are also other factors such as abrasive wear, the effects of ozone, high temperatures and important safety considerations such as the ability to resist fire. Operational cost-effectiveness depends on the durability and reliability of the conveyor belts being used within the production process.
The financial consequences of avoidable delays due to belt failure when transshipping bulk goods in national and international ports and at major end user installations can be extremely damaging.
Transshipment needs to be capable of safely handling high volumes at the fastest possible speeds. Increasingly in recent years, recycling has grown into one of the largest and most environmentally sensitive industries in the world.
The conveying of waste presents a seemingly endless supply of materials and substances that damage and destroy rubber conveyor belts. The often highly combustible nature of household waste in particular also means that having belts with first-class fire resistant properties is extremely important. The huge damage that can be caused by tree trunks falling onto a conveyor belt hardly needs further explanation. But later stages of the timber processing and paper production also impose often very extreme demands on conveyor belts too.
Because safety is of paramount importance, Dunlop belts designed for use within underground mines are fire resistant and approved and accredited to the appropriate national and international standards. Dunlop provides a range of high quality mining conveyor belts that have outstanding resistance to both abrasion and cutting and designed for use in every phase of the production process — from the mine face and the transportation to the processing location through to the final mixing, blending and stocking.
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Start and end point of each of the load lengths should also be labelled. Determine the effective tension required to overcome the frictional and gravitational resistances for each of the segments of the conveyor by using formulae on page 4.
The value of 12, determined in 5 above, is used to calculate the effective tension to overcome pulley friction. The effective tension at any point on the conveyor is the sum of the effective tensions of all preceeding segments.
The total effective tension for the conveyor is the sum of the effective tensions for all segments. The tension at any point 'x' on the conveyor is made up of the effective tension at point 'x' plus the slope tension at point 'x'.
Superimposed on this is the tension applied by the take-up system. The tension applied by the take- up is given by the worst case T2 value i. It may be found that the value of T2 obtained when the maximum effective tension has been calculated is different to that used in the calculations.
If this is the case the new T2 value is used to calculate tensions at each point. Steps 7, 8 and 9 should be repeated for four load cases viz empty, fully loaded, non-declined sections loaded and declined sections loaded.
Calculate the maximum effective tension when the non-declined sections of the conveyor are all carrying load and the declined sections have no load.
The overall change in elevation on the non-declined sections is 70 in. Note that the actual length of the conveyor is used to calculate Tx and only the loaded length to calculate Ty. The length correction factor is a constant and is used to convert the actual length to a corrected length. The friction factors are determined by the total conveyor length in all cases. Calculations of the effective tension for each segment or run is shown on Sheet 1 for the empty belt, Sheet 2 for the fully loaded belt, Sheet 3 for the case where only non-decline sections are loaded and Sheet 4 where only the decline sections are loaded.
The accumulated effective tension column is the sum of the effective tensions of the current segment and all preceeding segments. The reason for the difference between the effective tension determine step 4 and that on Sheet 3 is the more accurate figures used for mass of the moving parts on the tabulation sheets. The tension at any point along the conveyor can now be determined, all load cases, by adding the effective tension at the point to the slope tension at the point and then adding the worst case T2 value.
Empty Belt N 2. Fully loaded - N 3. Non-declines loaded N 4. Declines loaded N. It is necessary to calculate the tension at the point under consideration following the method described in Tabulator Calculations. The worst condition exists when the belt is loaded to the start of the curve and under these conditions the minimum radius of curvature to prevent the belt lifting off the idlers is. The curve must be designed with a radius at least large enough to satisfy conditions 1 and 2 and the idler spacing must ensure that conditions 3 and 4 are satisfied.
Conventional smooth surface conveyor belts 2. Ruftop package handling belts 3. Chevron top belts 4. Boxes belts with flexible side walls 5. Sandwich type conveyors 6.
Elevator belts. Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. Skip carousel. Carousel Previous. Carousel Next. What is Scribd? Explore Ebooks. Bestsellers Editors' Picks All Ebooks. Explore Audiobooks. Bestsellers Editors' Picks All audiobooks. Explore Magazines. Editors' Picks All magazines. Explore Podcasts All podcasts. Difficulty Beginner Intermediate Advanced. Explore Documents. Uploaded by Forbes Kamba. Did you find this document useful? Is this content inappropriate?
Report this Document. Flag for inappropriate content. Related titles. Carousel Previous Carousel Next. Jump to Page. Search inside document. Rip Protector As an additional feature rip protection can be incorporated into the belt by means of arranging strong nylon fibres transversely or by inclusion of electronic loops. Shuron Breaker Ply XT belting For applications where the lump size of the material carried is large and where adverse loading conditions exist, an open weave breaker ply can be incorporated below the top cover as an extra protection for the carcass.
Chevron Breaker XT belting This incorporates steel tyre cord in a 'V shape, as a rip protection, at intervals over the belt length. Belt Edges Many conveyor belts track off at some stage of their lives, causing edge damage to a greater or lesser extent.
In selecting the most suitable belt for a particular application, several factors have to be considered: 1. Belt Tensions In order to calculate the maximum belt tension and hence the strength of belt that is required, it is first necessary to calculate the effective tension.
Mass of Moving Parts For the sake of simplicity the conveyor is considered to be made up of interconnected unit length components all of equal mass. Mass of the load per unit length As is the case with the components the load that is conveyed is considered to be evenly distributed along the length of the conveyor.
Slope tension Th The slope tension is the product of the belt weight and the vertical lift and has its maximum value at the highest point of the conveyor. Take-up Gravity Idler spacing 1,2 m Idler roll diameter mm 1.
To achieve optimum load area the loading chutes must be designed to ensure the most advantageous initial load shape and this can only be achieved if: 1. Additional Information Belt modulus Refer to Table 20 for belt modulus. Delta Hete heat resistant belting with EPDM synthetic rubber covers in a formulation developed to allow conveying materials of temperatures up to C.
Fire Resistant XT belting is manufactured with covers containing neoprene and multi-ply carcass constructions to meet the stringent standards for safety in all underground mining industries and is therefore particularly suited to shaft applications. This belt has been especially developed for the Timber Industry. The rubber has been compounded to provide resistance to oil and resin, and is non-staining.
This is a range of rough top package belting, of two or three ply all-synthetic carcass belts with deep impression rubber covers. The range is ideal for the packaging and warehousing industries and baggage handling installations such as airports and railway stations etc. These belts are uniquely applied at gold mine concentrators. Food quality belting is ideal where foodstuffs come into direct contact with the belt surface.
This range of belting is manufactured from non-toxic materials and is resistant to oils, fats and staining, and meets the strict hygiene requirements laid down by the food processing industry. The complete XT range can be made available as factory spliced endless belts. These belts are recommended for short conveyor installations. Suitable for lengths up to 50 in. Flinger belts are built and cured on a drum to eliminate a spliced join. Commonly known as 'Vinyplast' solid woven PVC.
The construction has inherently high fastener holding qualities. The belting is constructed of polyester and nylon with a cotton armouring, is impregnated with PVC and has PVC covers. Steelcord conveyor belting is designed for very long hauls where textile reinforcement would either not achieve the requisite strength or would have too high an elongation at reference load. Resistance to severe shock and exceptional tensile loading is achieved by the wire reinforcement encased between thick top and bottom covers of the highest quality rubber.
These belts are designed to conform to or exceed the requirements of stringent standards and offer a long belt life. Oil resistant belting provides easily cleanable covers of either nitrile or neoprene on all-synthetic fabric plies. Choice of covers gives maximum resistance to mineral and vegetable oils thus permitting the user to convey a wide variety of materials containing mineral and vegetable oils.
The textile rip protection can be built into the belt in 2-metre lengths at regular intervals or over the full length of the belt. For applications where the lump size of the material carried is large and where adverse loading conditions exist, an open weave breaker ply can be incorporated below the top cover as an extra protection for the carcass.
This incorporates steel tyre cord in a 'V shape, as a rip protection, at intervals over the belt length. Particularly recommended for XT belting where arduous conditions are experienced i. Many conveyor belts track off at some stage of their lives, causing edge damage to a greater or lesser extent. Belts can be supplied with either slit or moulded edges. Moulded edges: A moulded rubber edge can be provided to protect the carcass from acids, chemicals and oils.
SABS - General purpose textile reinforced conveyor belting. SABS - Fire-resistant textile reinforced conveyor belting. SABS Steelcord reinforced conveyor belting. Reinforcement or a carcass which provides the tensile strength of the belt, imparts rigidity for load support and provides a means of joining the belt. An elastometric cover which protects the carcass against damage from the material being conveyed and provides a satisfactory surface for transmitting the drive power to the carcass.
In selecting the most suitable belt for a particular application, several factors have to be considered:. The tensile strength of the belt carcass must be adequate to transmit the power required in conveying the material over the distance involved.
The belt carcass selected must have the characteristics necessary to: a. The quality and gauge of cover material must be suitable to withstand the physical and chemical effects of the material conveyed. This is the force required to move the conveyor and the load it is conveying at constant speed. Since the calculation of effective tension is based on a constant speed conveyor, the forces required to move the conveyor and material are only those to overcome frictional resistance and gravitational force.
For the sake of simplicity the conveyor is considered to be made up of interconnected unit length components all of equal mass. The mass of each of these units is called the mass of the moving parts and is calculated by adding the total mass of the belting, the rotating mass of all the carrying and return idlers and the rotating mass of all pulleys.
This total is divided by the horizontal length of the conveyor to get the mean mass of all the components. At the outset the belt idlers and pulleys have not been selected and hence no mass for these components can be determined. Therefore the mass of the moving parts is selected from the tabulated values to be found in Table As is the case with the components the load that is conveyed is considered to be evenly distributed along the length of the conveyor.
Given the peak capacity in ton per hour the mass of the load per unit length is given by:. Various conveyor accessories that add resistance to belt movement are standard on most conveyors. The most common are skirtboards at the loading point and belt scrapers. The dunlop solution to this very old problem is a new and unique belt design dunlop ultra x.
This manual should also help to understand the background to a calculation, the selection criteria for an optimum belt type and to recognize a special operating case. Goodyear rubber products offers a complete line of conveyor belting, power transmission belts, belt fasteners and related accessories. Calculate the mass of the load from the design capacity and the belt speed.
For more than years, we have been the leader in some of the most significant and technologically advanced conveyor belt innovations. In order to raise transportation efficiency of belt conveyor, driving force of drum must be increased. Cema handbook conveyor manual -, coal conveyor in the power industry manual -, - cema handbook conveyor manual, dunlop conveyor belt design manual power belt conveyors for bulk materials calculations by cema 5.
Premium fenner dunlop americas belting adheres to these service factors. The following drawings show typical belt conveyor arrangements.
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